Red Dye No. 3, also known as erythrosine, is a synthetic cherry-pink food coloring commonly used in various food products, beverages, and ingested medications. Its vibrant hue has made it a popular choice for items like candies, baked goods, and certain pharmaceuticals.
Health Concerns and Regulatory Actions
In the 1980s, studies indicated that high doses of Red Dye No. 3 could cause thyroid cancer in male lab rats. These findings led the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to ban its use in cosmetics and topical medications in 1990. However, its use in food and ingested drugs continued.
Over the years, consumer advocacy groups have raised concerns about the potential health risks associated with Red Dye No. 3, including its links to cancer and behavioral issues in children, such as hyperactivity. In response to a 2022 petition by food safety and health advocates, the FDA has taken decisive action. On January 15, 2025, the FDA announced a ban on the use of Red Dye No. 3 in all foods, beverages, and ingested drugs. Food manufacturers are required to remove the dye from their products by January 15, 2027, and drug manufacturers by January 18, 2028.
Global Perspective
The move aligns the United States with other regions, such as the European Union, Australia, and New Zealand, where the dye is mostly banned. In October 2023, California became the first U.S. state to ban Red Dye No. 3 as a food additive, reflecting a growing trend toward stricter regulation of synthetic food dyes.
Implications for Consumers and Manufacturers
This ban will necessitate significant changes in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Manufacturers will need to reformulate products to exclude Red Dye No. 3, potentially turning to natural color alternatives like beet juice or carmine. Consumers may notice changes in the appearance of certain products, but these adjustments aim to enhance public health safety.
Conclusion
The FDA's decision to ban Red Dye No. 3 marks a significant step in food safety regulation, addressing longstanding health concerns associated with synthetic food dyes. As the phase-out progresses, consumers are encouraged to stay informed about the ingredients in their food and medications, opting for products free from potentially harmful additives.