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How to Fix “FATAL ERROR: Reached heap limit Allocation failed — JavaScript heap out of memory” in Nest.js on Google Cloud Run

 

When deploying a Nest.js application to Google Cloud Run, you might encounter the following error:

FATAL ERROR: Reached heap limit Allocation failed — JavaScript heap out of memory

This error usually occurs when the Node.js process runs out of memory, leading to a crash. It can be surprising, especially if your application is relatively small, as was the case with my project, which is just a simple web backend.

The Problem

During deployment, I was surprised to encounter this heap memory issue because my Nest.js application wasn’t particularly large or resource-intensive. Initially, my app was allocated 512MB of memory, which seemed sufficient given its simplicity. However, during the deployment on Google Cloud Run, the application crashed with the above error message.

Quick Fix

Given that I was pressed for time to finish the project, I opted for a quick solution:

- Increased Memory Allocation: I increased the memory allocation for my Cloud Run service from 512MB to 4GB. This immediately resolved the issue, and my app deployed successfully without any further crashes.

Here’s how you can adjust the memory allocation in Google Cloud Run:

1. Go to the [Google Cloud Console](https://console.cloud.google.com/).
2. Navigate to Cloud Run and find your service.
3. Click on Edit & Deploy New Revision.
4. In the Container section, update the memory allocation to a higher value, such as 4GB.
5. Save and deploy the revision.

More Permanent Solution

While increasing memory allocation is a quick fix, it’s not the most efficient or cost-effective long-term solution. Here are a few steps I plan to take to optimize my application:

1. Analyze and Reduce Dependencies:
 — Review the `package.json` file to identify unnecessary dependencies.
 — Remove or replace heavy libraries with lighter alternatives.
 — Consider tree-shaking or using Webpack to minimize the size of bundled code.

2. Optimize Code:
 — Analyze the memory usage of different parts of the application.
 — Refactor any memory-intensive operations, such as large data processing tasks, into more efficient algorithms.
 — Use tools like `node — inspect` and Chrome DevTools to monitor and profile memory usage.

3. Consider Using a More Lightweight Base Image:
 — If you’re using Docker to containerize your application, consider using a more lightweight Node.js base image, such as `node:alpine`, to reduce the overall memory footprint.

4. Set Node.js Memory Limits:
 — You can also explicitly set the maximum memory limit for the Node.js process. This can help control memory usage more precisely:

node — max-old-space-size=2048 index.js

— The above command limits the memory usage to 2GB.

Conclusion

Encountering the “JavaScript heap out of memory” error can be frustrating, especially when you’re working with a relatively small application. Increasing the memory allocation is a quick and effective solution, but it’s also important to consider long-term optimizations to reduce resource consumption. I plan to revisit this issue to refine my application’s memory usage and update this post with a more sustainable solution.

If you’re experiencing the same issue, increasing memory allocation might be a temporary fix, but don’t forget to dig deeper to find the root cause and optimize your application for better performance and cost efficiency.

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